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Vegetation - Flora

Poa, June, and Crested Wheat GrassFrom its beginnings as a market garden many types or species of plants have been introduced which are not native to this area. The most visible examples are the irises, asparagus, rhubarb, caragana, mustard, and alfalfa growing in this area. The asparagus found in this area is basically the same as what you would find in the supermarket. The caragana, native to Russia, is well adapted to dry conditions and was introduced as a windbreak for homesteads. As a result it has proliferated in the Centre as well as all over Saskatchewan. Alfalfa, introduced as a fodder crop from Europe to North America now grows wild and is abundant along roadsides in waste places throughout the prairie provinces.

YarrowThe two most common grasses in the habitat area are also introduced species. Brome grass and crested wheat grass originate from Europe. These grasses , although tall and green, are less preferred by grazing animals thus giving it a competitive edge over native grasses such as Poa.

Many native plants have survived and flourished within the habitat. The shoreline plants illustrate this clearly - willows, cattails, and bulrushes are all abundant along the water's edge. Other plants indigenous to the marsh include mint and common reed grass. The mint plant can be easily identified by the square stem and characteristic scent. It is an understory plant reaching heights of 5 to 20 cm. Phragmities grass, on the other hand, grows between 1 to 4 meters in height. Only a small pocket exists in the habitat area, it can also be found in the Eastern Qu'Appelle Valley.

Native plants were also used for medicinal purposes. Yarrow, a white flowered perennial, was used by aboriginal peoples as an antiseptic. Gumweed, also common to the prairies, was used to seal bandages - the sticky bracts of the plant can be used like a glue. This plant flowers yellow from July to September and is common to dry and somewhat saline areas. Another native plant which has adapted to salty conditions is samphire. This annual keeps its tiny flowers deep in its succulent body; at maturity the plant turns bright crimson with bright patches of red visible in fields. Silverweed is another plant which flowers yellow starting in mid-June. The top of the leaf is green while the bottom appears silvery, hence the name. Bright red runners allow the plant to spread out over the environment without growing tall. The pungent aroma of sage is also present. The habitat area is home to two different species - one introduced and the other native. The tall sage plant is the introduced variety while the smaller one is native. Both varieties are unpalatable and overgrazing in pastures is often indicated by an abundance of this plant as it proliferates at the expense of other plants.